2024年5月8日，新加坡交通部长徐芳达回复议员林伟杰医生关于ERP 2.0（电子道路收费系统2.0）的补充质询。
以下内容为新加坡眼根据国会英文资料翻译整理：
议长：有请林伟杰医生。
林伟杰医生（三巴旺集选区议员）：谢谢议长先生。感谢部长的答复。我有三个补充问题。其实，他刚才已回答了我最后一项补充问题。
第一个补充问题是：ERP 2.0发布后，社交媒体上有很多报道，今天亚洲新闻台（CNA）也进行了报道，都在谈论安装如何不那么容易。即使是现在可以将OBU（新一代智能行车器）安装在驾驶员的脚部空间，但有些汽车制造商的脚部空间有点小，尤其是日本汽车，因此脚部空间可能不是最佳位置——驾驶员在驾驶或进出汽车时仍可能撞到OBU。我只是想知道交通部（MOT）是否会根据用户的反馈，在当前的设计基础上继续改进，并推出不同的型号？一些人还问，既然摩托车OBU较小，它是否也可以用于汽车，而不是现在使用的较大装置？
第二个补充问题是：当我们于5月1日推出该OBU时，交通部是否有积极的调查或反馈计划，以积极收集所有安装了OBU的驾驶者的反馈？如果没有，为什么没有？如果有，那么请继续这样做，这样我们就可以从驾驶者那里获得更多的反馈，从而做出改进。
第三个补充问题是：部长的车是否安装了OBU？部长的回答是肯定的。那么，我想了解部长的亲身体验，遇到了哪些困难？
徐芳达部长：议长先生，我很感谢林伟杰医生提出的补充质询，我认为是4个，而不是3个。首先，关于驾驶员脚部空间的安装问题。事实上，正如一些机械师所分享的，正如林伟杰医生提到的CNA新闻中所报道的那样，并非所有汽车品牌和型号都能如此简单安装。因为根据不同车辆的设计、布局和规格，其首选位置、理想位置可能因车辆而异。
因此，在为车主更多选择的同时，也确实给安装过程带来了更大的复杂性。但我们认为这种权衡很重要，因为我们确实需要尊重车主的个人选择。这并不意味着每辆车都可以在驾驶员脚部空间处安装装置。这取决于车辆的布局和设计，但在许多车型中，这是可能的。因此，尽管并非总是可行，我们还是希望向车主提供这种选择，以方便那些喜欢将装置安装在离他们更近的地方的车主。
不过，这一过程最好在工厂与服务大使和机械师讨论，让车主明白，在安装OBU之前了解取舍和选择。
议长先生，我想重申的另一个重要观点是，我们已经设计了这个系统，无论你选择将装置放在哪里，这是个人的选择，但须符合技术可行性，无论你将装置放在哪里，工作流程都是这样的，你在开车时不需要取下你的卡。
因此，即使你没有注册自动充值，需要手动取卡并进行手动充值，也可以在停车后进行。你不需要开车时在驾驶座上手动充值。因此，当你开车时，不需要从装置中取出卡。这就是我们的设计模式和设计理念。因此，为了安全和方便，我们引入了一些附加功能，使您在驾驶时无需取出卡。
议长先生，我想强调的一点是，这个过程相当复杂。这需要几年的时间，涉及不同的工厂、不同的汽车制造商。因此，我只想向我们的行业合作伙伴、工厂、汽车经销商、机械师以及我们的员工和作为服务大使的合作伙伴表示感谢。这对他们来说是一项艰巨的工作。他们必须让车主参与进来，向他们解释各种选择。但我认为这是整个安装过程中的一个重要部分，这样人们就可以清楚地知道他们的选择是什么，这样当他们进入并选择某个配置时，他们就会明白其中的利弊得失。
林伟杰医生还问到为摩托车设计的一体式 OBU。议长先生，我们以前已经解释过这个问题，但请允许我重申一下为什么我们不能在汽车和商用车上这样做，而可以在摩托车上这样做。如果从物理学角度考虑就会明白：在一个有玻璃的封闭环境中，就像一个温室。确实会产生温室效应，这将导致封闭空间内的车内温度升高，越来越高。
我们已经做过一些测试和测量。我刚刚读了 AsiaOne 的一篇文章，我想他们也做了自己的测量。从我们所做的各种测量中可以清楚地看出，在炎热的晴天，无论是乘客侧还是驾驶员侧，脚部空间的温度都明显低于仪表盘上的温度。因此，如果环境温度约为35度，那么摩托车的温度就差不多是35 度，因为它不是一个封闭的空间。
但对于脚部空间来说，由于是一个封闭的空间，温度可能高达38至39度。但在仪表盘上，温度会高达50至52度。在这样的温度下，如果将单件车载设备（即天线、显示屏和处理单元都放在仪表板上）放在仪表板上，就有可能出现过热。这样就会影响该装置的功能。
你可以把它设计成有冷却装置，内部有风扇，但这样会使它变得非常笨重，我认为驾车者不会希望在仪表盘上安装一个非常大而笨重的一体式装置。这样的设计是不合适的。通过拆分，我们为驾驶者提供了决定是否需要显示屏的选择，因为它不是同一个部件的一部分；你可以选择，它是可选的。你还可以选择将处理单元放在哪里。
在某些汽车品牌中，经销商推荐的一个选项是，如果你不想看到显示屏，也可以把它放在驾驶座下面。因此，这也是一种可能的选择。他们正在向客户提供这种选择。由于我们现在设计的程序使您在驾驶时不需要取下卡片，因此这种选择现在是可行的。这不会给驾驶员带来不便，如果驾驶员喜欢这样，他们也可以选择这样做。
议长先生，林伟杰医生还问及调查的情况。是的，我们当然要积极收集反馈意见。我想我在之前的答复中也提到过，我们将继续从驾驶员、维修车间的机械师以及我们的服务大使那里收集反馈意见，以了解我们如何进一步改善用户体验，如何进一步改善我们的沟通。
最后，林伟杰医生问我自己的经历。议长先生，我想我和许多早期用户一样，也曾担心如果要使用免费停车券，无法方便地拿到停车卡。因此，当陆交局开发出只需按下触摸屏上的一个按钮即可停用停车卡的功能时，我感到非常高兴。现在我可以非常方便地做到这一点；我不必把卡拿进拿出。
我们还从早期用户群中向陆交局反馈了其他功能。我认为这是一个不断改进的过程，我也要感谢我们的早期用户，感谢他们的意见和反馈，如果其中有任何早期用户觉得他们现在想要更换配置的话。例如，因为以前我们只允许他们把它放在乘客一侧；如果他们中有人现在说， “我想把它放在驾驶员一侧”，我们将免费为他们进行切换。我认为这是公平的，因为他们早先安装时，是没有选择的。但如果他们中有些人现在想这样做，我们将免费为他们重新配置。
以下是英文质询内容：
RESPONSE TO FEEDBACK ON ROLL-OUT OF ERP 2.0 ON-BOARD UNIT FOR VEHICLES（2）
Mr Speaker: Dr Lim Wee Kiak.
Dr Lim Wee Kiak (Sembawang): Thank you, Mr Speaker. I would like to thank the Minister for the reply. I have three supplementary questions. Actually, he has answered my last supplementary question.
The first supplementary question is: there are a lot of reports that came out immediately after the ERP 2.0 release on social media, as well as one that came out just today in CNA, talking about how the installation is not so straightforward. Even now, with it being allowed for the OBU to be installed it at the driver’s footwell, some car makes are a bit smaller, especially Japanese cars, so, the footwell may not be the best location – drivers may still hit against the unit as they drive or as they get in and out of the car. I am just wondering whether MOT will continue to improve upon the current design, based on feedback from users, and introduce a different model? Some have also been asking, since the motorcycle OBU is smaller, can that be used for cars as well, rather than having the bigger units for the cars.
The second supplementary question is: as we launched this OBU on 1 May, is there an active survey or feedback programme by MOT to actively collect feedback from all the motorists that have had the OBU installed? So, if there is none, then, why not? If yes, then continue to do so, so that we can get more feedback from the motorists, and we can improve upon it.
The third supplementary question was to ask the Minister whether his car has been fitted with the OBU, but the Minister had answered yes. So, I would like to find out from the Minister’s personal experience using this and then what are the difficulties that he has encountered?
Mr Chee Hong Tat: Mr Speaker, I thank Dr Lim for, I think, it is four supplementary questions, not three. First, the point about the installation at the driver’s footwell. Indeed, as some of the mechanics have shared and as it was reported in the CNA article that Dr Lim mentioned, it is not so straightforward for all vehicle makes and models. Because depending on the design and the layout and the specifications of different vehicles, the preferred location, the ideal location, may vary from vehicle to vehicle.
So, the trade-off between giving more choices to vehicle owners is that it does introduce more complexity to the installation process. But we think this trade-off is important because we do need to respect the individual choices of vehicle owners. It does not mean that every vehicle can install the processing unit at the driver’s footwell. It depends on the layout and design of the vehicle, but in many vehicle types, this is possible. So, we do want to provide this option, even though it is not always possible, to the vehicle owners so that for those who prefer to have it closer to them, they have that option that they can choose.
But this process is best done in discussion with the service ambassadors and the mechanics at the workshops so that the vehicle owners understand what are the trade-offs, what are the options, before the OBU installation.
Sir, another important point I wish to reiterate is that we have designed the system such that no matter where you choose to put your processing unit, which is a personal choice subject to technical feasibility, regardless of where you put the processing unit, the workflow is such that you do not need to remove your card while you are driving.
So, even if you do not sign up for auto top-up and you need to manually remove and do a manual top-up, you can do that after the car is parked. You do not need to do it while you are in the driver’s seat, while you are driving. So, when you are driving, you do not need to remove the card from the processing unit. That is our design paradigm. That is our design philosophy. So, that is why we introduced some of these additional features to make it such that you do not need to remove the card while you are driving, for safety and for convenience.
Sir, I think the point I wanted to highlight is also that this process is quite a complex one. It takes a few years, involving different workshops, different vehicle makes. So, I just want to register my appreciation to our partners from the industry, the workshops, the motor dealers, our mechanics and also our staff and our partners who are serving as service ambassadors. It is a lot of hard work for them. They have to engage the vehicle owners, explain the options to them. But I think this is an important part of the overall installation process – so that people are clear what are their options, so that when they go in and they choose a certain configuration, they understand what are the trade-offs, what are the pros and cons.
Dr Lim also asked about the one-piece OBU, which is for the motorcycles. Sir, we have explained this before, but allow me to reiterate the reasons why we cannot do this for cars and commercial vehicles, compared to motorcycles. If you think about the physics of it: in an enclosed environment with glass, it is like a greenhouse. You do have a greenhouse effect, which will cause the interior of the car, in an enclosed space, to be warmer. Temperature is higher.
We have done some testing, measuring. I just read one article from AsiaOne and I think they also did their own measurements. And it is quite clear from all the various measurements that we have done, that the footwell, whether passenger side or driver side, the temperature there is significantly lower than the temperature on the dashboard during a hot sunny day. So, the ambient temperature, if it is about 35 degrees, for the motorcycle it is pretty much that, because it is not an enclosed space.
But for the footwell, it could go up to about 38 to 39 degrees, because it is an enclosed space. But on the dashboard, it will go as high as 50 to 52 degrees. With this kind of temperature, if you were to put a single-piece OBU – that means the antenna, the display and the processing unit, all on the dashboard – there is a risk that it could overheat. And then it will affect the functionality of this unit.
You could design it such that there is cooling, there is a fan inside, but that will make it very bulky and I do not think motorists will want a very big and bulky one-piece unit on their dashboard. It will not be the right design. By splitting it up, we give motorists the option of deciding whether or not you want the display, because it is not part of the same piece; you can choose, it is optional. And you can also choose where to put your processing unit.
In some vehicle makes, the dealer actually recommended that one of the options available is that you can also put it below the driver’s seat, if you prefer not to see it. So, that is a possible option. They are offering that to their customers. And because we have now designed the process such that you do not need to remove your card while you are driving, actually that option is now possible, viable. It will not cause inconvenience to the driver and if that is what the drivers prefer, they have that option to choose from.
Sir, Dr Lim also asked about the survey. Yes, certainly. I think I mentioned in my main reply, we will continue to gather feedback from motorists, from the mechanics at the workshops, from our service ambassadors for how we can further improve the user experience, how we can further improve our communications.
And lastly, Dr Lim asked me about my own experience. Sir, I think like many of the early adopters, I also experienced some concern about not being able to reach the card conveniently if I have to use complimentary parking tickets. That is why, I was very happy when LTA developed that feature where I could just deactivate the card by pressing a button on the touch-screen display. I can do that very conveniently now; I do not have to take my card in and out.
There are also other features that we have given feedback to LTA from the group of early adopters. I think that is a continuous process for improvement and I want to thank our early adopters as well, for their inputs, for their feedback, and if amongst them, any of the early adopters feel that they now want to switch their configuration. For example, because previously we only allowed them to put it on a passenger side; if some of them now say “I want to put you on the driver’s side”, we will do the switch for them for free. I think that is fair, because when they installed earlier, there was no option given to them. But if some of them now want to do it, we will offer this reconfiguration for them, free of charge.
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